Sub Header

A secondary header bar can be placed below the original header bar. There are quite a few more ways to customize Headers. Have a look at Button Bars to get other ideas on how it could be used.

<div class="bar bar-header">
  <h1 class="title">Header</h1>
</div>
<div class="bar bar-subheader">
  <h2 class="title">Sub Header</h2>
</div>

Also, remember to include the has-subheader CSS class to your ion-content directive.

Content

The content area in Ionic is the scrollable viewport of your app. While your headers and footers will be fixed to the top and bottom, respectively, the content area will fill the remaining available space.

* For more content options, see the Content docs.

Footer

Footers are regions at the bottom of a screen that can contain various types of content.

<div class="bar bar-footer bar-balanced">
  <div class="title">Footer</div>
</div>

Footers have the same color options as the headers, just use bar-footer instead of bar-header. If a title is present in the footer, any buttons will automatically be placed on the correct side of the title in relation to how the markup was written, such as:

<div class="bar bar-footer">
  <button class="button button-clear">Left</button>
  <div class="title">Title</div>
  <button class="button button-clear">Right</button>
</div>

Additionally, if no title is present and a right side button is required, you'll need to add pull-right to the right side button, such as:

<div class="bar bar-footer">
  <button class="button button-clear pull-right">Right</button>
</div>

Buttons

Ah, the Button, an essential part of any mobile experience. Like the Header, they come in the full spectrum of Ionic's default colors.

By default a button has display: inline-block applied. Other options include block buttons for a full width.

<button class="button">
  Default
</button>

<button class="button button-light">
  button-light
</button>

<button class="button button-stable">
  button-stable
</button>

<button class="button button-positive">
  button-positive
</button>

<button class="button button-calm">
  button-calm
</button>

<button class="button button-balanced">
  button-balanced
</button>

<button class="button button-energized">
  button-energized
</button>

<button class="button button-assertive">
  button-assertive
</button>

<button class="button button-royal">
  button-royal
</button>

<button class="button button-dark">
  button-dark
</button>

Block Buttons

Adding button-block to a button applies display: block display. A block button will however go 100% of its parent's width. In the example, the button's containing content element also has padding applied, so there is some breathing room between the edge of the device and the buttons.

<button class="button button-block button-positive">
  Block Button
</button>

Full Width Block Buttons

Adding button-full to a button not only applies display: block, but also removes borders on the left and right, and any border-radius which may be applied. This style is useful when the button should stretch across the entire width of the display. Additionally, the button's parent element does not have padding applied.

<button class="button button-full button-positive">
  Full Width Block Button
</button>

Different Sizes

Adding button-large to a button makes it larger, adding button-small makes it smaller.

<button class="button button-small button-assertive">
  Small Button
</button>
<button class="button button-large button-positive">
  Large Button
</button>

Outlined Buttons

Use button-outline to apply an outline button style, which also has a transparent background.

Note: The text and border will take the color of the applied button style, meaning button-positive will result in blue text and border, with a transparent background.

<button class="button button-outline button-positive">
  Outlined Button
</button>

Clear Buttons

Add button-clear to remove the border and make the text stand out.

Note: The text will take the color of the applied button style, meaning button-positive will result in blue text and no border instead of a blue background.

<button class="button button-clear button-positive">
  Clear Button
</button>

Icon Buttons

Icons can easily be added to any button by using either the built in Ionicons, or any custom font-pack you choose. Learn more about icons.

Icons can also be set with a child element inside the button, however, assigning the icon directly to the button reduces the number of elements in the DOM.

<button class="button">
  <i class="icon ion-loading-c"></i> Loading...
</button>

<button class="button icon-left ion-home">Home</button>

<button class="button icon-left ion-star button-positive">Favorites</button>

<a class="button icon-right ion-chevron-right button-calm">Learn More</a>

<a class="button icon-left ion-chevron-left button-clear button-dark">Back</a>

<button class="button icon ion-gear-a"></button>

<a class="button button-icon icon ion-settings"></a>

<a class="button button-outline icon-right ion-navicon button-balanced">Reorder</a>

Buttons in Headers

When buttons are placed in headers or footers, they take the style of the bar by default, so you don't have to use the extra style classes. To change this, add the desired style class.

<div class="bar bar-header">
  <button class="button icon ion-navicon"></button>
  <h1 class="title">Header Buttons</h1>
  <button class="button">Edit</button>
</div>

Clear Buttons in Headers

For a more minimal approach to header buttons, simply add the button-clear classname to remove the background button color and border.

<div class="bar bar-header">
  <button class="button button-icon icon ion-navicon"></button>
  <div class="h1 title">Header Buttons</div>
  <button class="button button-clear button-positive">Edit</button>
</div>

Button Bar

Buttons can also be easily grouped together using the button-bar classname. In this example, a button bar was added to the default header bar, as well as in the main content area of the screen.

<div class="button-bar">
  <a class="button">First</a>
  <a class="button">Second</a>
  <a class="button">Third</a>
</div>

List

The List is a common and simple way of displaying... that's right, a list. This is a widely used interface across most current mobile OS's, and can include content ranging from basic text all the way to buttons, toggles, icons, and thumbnails.

The list view is a very versatile and powerful component. List views support various interaction modes such as editing, swipe to edit, drag to reorder, and pull to refresh.

For more power you can use Ionic's AngularJS directives. Check out the AngularJS list docs to get more detailed information.

<ul class="list">
    <li class="item">
      ...
    </li>
</ul>

* For a more extensive overview on Lists, read AngularJS List Docs

List Dividers

List items can also be dividers to organize and group the list items. Use the item-divider class to create a divider for any child element of the list. By default list item dividers will have a different background color and font-weight, but this is easily customizable.

<div class="list">

  <div class="item item-divider">
    Candy Bars
  </div>

  <a class="item" href="#">
    Butterfinger
  </a>

  ...

</div>

List Icons

Lists can have icons assigned either to the left and/or right side of each list item, and the alignment classes should be assigned to each item element. Icons can easily be added to any item by using either the built in Ionicons, or any custom font-pack you choose. Learn more about icons.

Use item-icon-left to line up the icon to the left, and item-icon-right to set the icon to the right. When a list item has an icon on both sides then both classes will need to be applied.

This example uses an <a> element for each item, which allows the entire list item to be tappable. If the item is an <a> or <button> element, and no icon has been added to the right, then a small right arrow will automatically be added.

In the example, the first item only has a left aligned icon. The second item has both left and right side icons. The third item has a left aligned icon and an item-note. The fourth icon has added a badge element.

<div class="list">

  <a class="item item-icon-left" href="#">
    <i class="icon ion-email"></i>
    Check mail
  </a>

  <a class="item item-icon-left item-icon-right" href="#">
    <i class="icon ion-chatbubble-working"></i>
    Call Ma
    <i class="icon ion-ios-telephone-outline"></i>
  </a>

  <a class="item item-icon-left" href="#">
    <i class="icon ion-mic-a"></i>
    Record album
    <span class="item-note">
      Grammy
    </span>
  </a>

  <a class="item item-icon-left" href="#">
    <i class="icon ion-person-stalker"></i>
    Friends
    <span class="badge badge-assertive">0</span>
  </a>

</div>

List Buttons

Use item-button-right or item-button-left to place a button within an item.

<div class="list">

  <div class="item item-button-right">
    Call Ma
    <button class="button button-positive">
      <i class="icon ion-ios-telephone"></i>
    </button>
  </div>

  ...

</div>

Item Avatars

Item avatars are essentially a showcase of an image larger than an icon, but smaller than a thumbnail. To create a avatar item, use the item-avatar classname.

<div class="list">

    <a class="item item-avatar" href="#">
      <img src="venkman.jpg">
      <h2>Venkman</h2>
      <p>Back off, man. I'm a scientist.</p>
    </a>

    ...

</div>

Item Avatars

Venkman

Back off, man. I'm a scientist.

Egon

We're gonna go full stream.

Ray

Ugly little spud, isn't he?

Winston

That's a big Twinkie.

Tully

Okay, who brought the dog?

Dana

I am The Gatekeeper!

Slimer

Boo!

Item Thumbnails

Item Thumbnails are essentially a showcase of an image larger than an icon, and will often span/define the entire height of the list item. To create a thumbnail styled item, use the item-thumbnail-left to have it align on the left, and item-thumbnail-right for the right side.

<div class="list">

    <a class="item item-thumbnail-left" href="#">
      <img src="cover.jpg">
      <h2>Pretty Hate Machine</h2>
      <p>Nine Inch Nails</p>
    </a>

    ...

</div>

Quick ng-repeat demo

Item Thumbnails

Weezer

Blue Album

Smashing Pumpkins

Siamese Dream

Nirvana

Nevermind

Beastie Boys

License To Ill

Green Day

Dookie

Inset Lists

Lists can also be inset inside their container, instead of going full width. The main difference is that a list list-inset element has margin. An inset list is similar to a card, except an inset list does not have a box-shadow. Since list list-inset does not have a box-shadow, it'll be more performant when scrolling. Inset forms shows other examples of its usage.

<div class="list list-inset">

    <div class="item">
      Raiders of the Lost Ark
    </div>

    ...

</div>

Cards

Cards have become widely used in recent years. They are a great way to contain and organize information, while also setting up predictable expectations for the user. With so much content to display at once, and often so little screen realestate, cards have fast become the design pattern of choice for many companies, including the likes of Google, Twitter, and Spotify..

For mobile experiences, Cards make it easy to display the same information visually across many different screen sizes. They allow for more control, are flexible, and can even be animated. Cards are usually placed on top of one another, but they can also be used like a "page" and swiped between, left and right.

<div class="card">
  <div class="item item-text-wrap">
    This is a basic Card which contains an item that has wrapping text.
  </div>
</div>

Cards add a box-shadow by default, whereas it's cousin list list-inset does not. For performance reasons, when scrolling a large card with many items its recommended to use inset lists instead.

Card Headers and Footers

Cards can be customized similarly to how you would fill a normal screen. For example, a card can easily have Headers and Footers placed inside of them. Add the item-divider classname above or below the content within the card element.

<div class="card">
  <div class="item item-divider">
    I'm a Header in a Card!
  </div>
  <div class="item item-text-wrap">
    This is a basic Card with some text.
  </div>
  <div class="item item-divider">
    I'm a Footer in a Card!
  </div>
</div>

Card Lists

Use the list card classname to create a card with lists.

<div class="list card">

  <a href="#" class="item item-icon-left">
    <i class="icon ion-home"></i>
    Enter home address
  </a>

  <a href="#" class="item item-icon-left">
    <i class="icon ion-ios-telephone"></i>
    Enter phone number
  </a>

  <a href="#" class="item item-icon-left">
    <i class="icon ion-wifi"></i>
    Enter wireless password
  </a>

  <a href="#" class="item item-icon-left">
    <i class="icon ion-card"></i>
    Enter card information
  </a>

</div>

Card Images

Images look great in cards, and can be combined with lists and other elements.

<div class="list card">

  <div class="item item-avatar">
    <img src="avatar.jpg">
    <h2>Pretty Hate Machine</h2>
    <p>Nine Inch Nails</p>
  </div>

  <div class="item item-image">
    <img src="cover.jpg">
  </div>

  <a class="item item-icon-left assertive" href="#">
    <i class="icon ion-music-note"></i>
    Start listening
  </a>

</div>

Cards

Pretty Hate Machine

Nine Inch Nails

Start listening

Card Showcase

Here is a showcase of a card using several different items. It begins with the list card element, utilizing the item-avatar list item, an item-body element for images and text, and a footer with the item-divider classname.

<div class="list card">

  <div class="item item-avatar">
    <img src="mcfly.jpg">
    <h2>Marty McFly</h2>
    <p>November 05, 1955</p>
  </div>

  <div class="item item-body">
    <img class="full-image" src="delorean.jpg">
    <p>
      This is a "Facebook" styled Card. The header is created from a Thumbnail List item,
      the content is from a card-body consisting of an image and paragraph text. The footer
      consists of tabs, icons aligned left, within the card-footer.
    </p>
    <p>
      <a href="#" class="subdued">1 Like</a>
      <a href="#" class="subdued">5 Comments</a>
    </p>
  </div>

</div>

Cards

Marty McFly

November 05, 1955

This is a "Facebook" styled Card. The header is created from a Thumbnail List item, the content is from a card-body consisting of an image and paragraph text. The footer consists of a tabs, icons aligned left, within the card-footer.

1 Like 5 Comments

Forms & Inputs

A list is also used to group related input elements. Both item-input and item is then used to designate each individual input field and it's associated label.

Ionic prefers to create the item-input out of the <label> element so that when any part of the row is tapped then the underlying input receives focus.

Additionally, developers should be aware of the various HTML5 Input types so users will be presented with the appropriate virtual keyboard.

Text Input: Placeholder Labels

In the example, it'll default to 100% width (no borders on the left and right), and uses the placeholder attribute to simulate the input's label. Then the user begins to enter text into the input the placeholder label will be hidden. Notice how <textarea> can also be used as a multi-line text input.

<div class="list">
  <label class="item item-input">
    <input type="text" placeholder="First Name">
  </label>
  <label class="item item-input">
    <input type="text" placeholder="Last Name">
  </label>
  <label class="item item-input">
    <textarea placeholder="Comments"></textarea>
  </label>
</div>

Text Input: Inline Labels

Use input-label to place a label to the left of the input element. When the user enters text the label does not hide. Note that there's nothing stopping you from also using a placeholder label too.

<div class="list">
  <label class="item item-input">
    <span class="input-label">Username</span>
    <input type="text">
  </label>
  <label class="item item-input">
    <span class="input-label">Password</span>
    <input type="password">
  </label>
</div>

Text Input: Stacked Labels

Stacked labels always places the label on top of the input. Each item should have item-stacked-label assigned, and the input's label should have input-label assigned. This example also uses the placeholder attribute so users have a hint of what type of text the input is looking for.

<div class="list">
  <label class="item item-input item-stacked-label">
    <span class="input-label">First Name</span>
    <input type="text" placeholder="John">
  </label>
  <label class="item item-input item-stacked-label">
    <span class="input-label">Last Name</span>
    <input type="text" placeholder="Suhr">
  </label>
  <label class="item item-input item-stacked-label">
    <span class="input-label">Email</span>
    <input type="text" placeholder="john@suhr.com">
  </label>
</div>

Text Input: Floating Labels

Floating labels are just like Stacked Labels, except that their labels animate, or "float" up when text is entered in the input. Each item should have item-floating-label assigned, and the input's label should have input-label assigned.

Enter text in the example to the right to see the floating labels in action. This example also uses the placeholder attribute so user's have a hint of what type of text the input is looking for.

<div class="list">
  <label class="item item-input item-floating-label">
    <span class="input-label">First Name</span>
    <input type="text" placeholder="First Name">
  </label>
  <label class="item item-input item-floating-label">
    <span class="input-label">Last Name</span>
    <input type="text" placeholder="Last Name">
  </label>
  <label class="item item-input item-floating-label">
    <span class="input-label">Email</span>
    <input type="text" placeholder="Email">
  </label>
</div>

Inset Forms

By default each input item will fill 100% of the width of its parent element (the list). However, you can inset the list using either the list list-inset or card classnames. The card classname applies a lower box shadow while list-inset does not. Additionally, if the list's parent element has padding assigned then this will also give the form an inset appearance.

<div class="list list-inset">
  <label class="item item-input">
    <input type="text" placeholder="First Name">
  </label>
  <label class="item item-input">
    <input type="text" placeholder="Last Name">
  </label>
</div>

Inset Inputs

Using list-inset will inset the entire list, whereas placing item-input-inset will inset an input into an individual list item. Placing a button inside the item

<div class="list">

  <div class="item item-input-inset">
    <label class="item-input-wrapper">
      <input type="text" placeholder="Email">
    </label>
    <button class="button button-small">
      Submit
    </button>
  </div>

</div>

Input Icons

Icons can be easily added to the left of an item-input input. Simply add an icon before the <input>. By default the icon will take the color of label text. However, you can also use add placeholder-icon to give it a placeholder color.

<div class="list list-inset">
  <label class="item item-input">
    <i class="icon ion-search placeholder-icon"></i>
    <input type="text" placeholder="Search">
  </label>
</div>

Header Inputs

Inputs can also be placed in headers, along with buttons to submit or cancel the form.

<div class="bar bar-header item-input-inset">
  <label class="item-input-wrapper">
    <i class="icon ion-ios-search placeholder-icon"></i>
    <input type="search" placeholder="Search">
  </label>
  <button class="button button-clear">
    Cancel
  </button>
</div>

Toggle

A toggle technically is the same thing as an HTML checkbox input, except it looks different and is easier to use on a touch device. Ionic prefers to wrap the checkbox input with the <label> in order to make the entire toggle easy to tap or drag.

Toggles can also have colors assigned to them, such as toggle-assertive to assign the assertive color.

<label class="toggle">
   <input type="checkbox">
   <div class="track">
     <div class="handle"></div>
   </div>
</label>

This is an example of multiple toggles within a list. Note the item-toggle class was added along side item for each item.

<ul class="list">

  <li class="item item-toggle">
     HTML5
     <label class="toggle toggle-assertive">
       <input type="checkbox">
       <div class="track">
         <div class="handle"></div>
       </div>
     </label>
  </li>

  ...

</ul>

Checkbox

Checkboxes allow the user to select a number of items in a set of choices. A good use for a checkbox list would be a filter list to apply multiple filters to a search.

Checkboxes can also have colors assigned to them, such as checkbox-assertive to assign the assertive color.

<ion-list>

  <ion-checkbox ng-model="filter.red">Red</ion-checkbox>
  <ion-checkbox ng-model="filter.yellow">Yellow</ion-checkbox>
  <ion-checkbox ng-model="filter.pink">Pink</ion-checkbox>

</ion-list>

Radio Button List

Radio buttons let the user select one option in a set of options, unlike a checkbox which allows for multiple selections.

<ion-list>
  <ion-radio ng-model="choice" ng-value="'A'">Choose A</ion-radio>
  <ion-radio ng-model="choice" ng-value="'B'">Choose B</ion-radio>
</ion-list>

Range

This is a Range. Ranges can be themed to any default Ionic color, and used in various other elements such as a list item or card.

Note: Theming capabilities are not available in Chrome due to this issues

<div class="item range">
  <i class="icon ion-volume-low"></i>
  <input type="range" name="volume">
  <i class="icon ion-volume-high"></i>
</div>

<div class="list">
  <div class="item range range-positive">
    <i class="icon ion-ios-sunny-outline"></i>
    <input type="range" name="volume" min="0" max="100" value="33">
    <i class="icon ion-ios-sunny"></i>
  </div>
</div>

Select

Ionic's select is styled so its appearance is prettied up relative to the browser's default style. However, when the select elements is opened, the default behavior on how to select one of the options is still managed by the browser.

Each platform's user-interface will be different as the user is selecting an option. For example, on a desktop browser you'll see the traditional drop down interface, whereas Android often has a radio-button list popup, and iOS has a custom scroller covering the bottom half of the window.

<div class="list">

  <label class="item item-input item-select">
    <div class="input-label">
      Lightsaber
    </div>
    <select>
      <option>Blue</option>
      <option selected>Green</option>
      <option>Red</option>
    </select>
  </label>

</div>

Tabs

Tabs are a horizontal region of buttons or links that allow for a consistent navigation experience between screens. It can contain any combination of text and icons, and is a popular method for enabling mobile navigation.

* For building tabbed interfaces, see the Tabs documentation.

The containing element should have the tabs classname, and each tab should have the tab-item classname. By default, tabs will be without an icon and text-only.

<div class="tabs">
  <a class="tab-item">
    Home
  </a>
  <a class="tab-item">
    Favorites
  </a>
  <a class="tab-item">
    Settings
  </a>
</div>

Tabs can be styled to match the standard Ionic colors (the example is using the default color. Use these classes to change the color of the tab bar: tabs-default tabs-light tabs-stable tabs-positive tabs-calm tabs-balanced tabs-energized tabs-assertive tabs-royal tabs-dark

To hide the tabbar but still show the content, add the tabs-item-hide class. Also, whenever you are using tabs, remember to add the has-tabs CSS class to your ion-content directive.

Icon-only Tabs

Add tabs-icon-only along with the tabs classname.

<div class="tabs tabs-icon-only">
  <a class="tab-item">
    <i class="icon ion-home"></i>
  </a>
  <a class="tab-item">
    <i class="icon ion-star"></i>
  </a>
  <a class="tab-item">
    <i class="icon ion-gear-a"></i>
  </a>
</div>

Top Icon Tabs

Classic tabs. Add tabs-icon-top along with the tabs classname.

<div class="tabs tabs-icon-top">
  <a class="tab-item">
    <i class="icon ion-home"></i>
    Home
  </a>
  <a class="tab-item">
    <i class="icon ion-star"></i>
    Favorites
  </a>
  <a class="tab-item">
    <i class="icon ion-gear-a"></i>
    Settings
  </a>
</div>

Left Icon Tabs

Add tabs-icon-left along with the tabs classname.

<div class="tabs tabs-icon-left">
  <a class="tab-item">
    <i class="icon ion-home"></i>
    Home
  </a>
  <a class="tab-item">
    <i class="icon ion-star"></i>
    Favorites
  </a>
  <a class="tab-item">
    <i class="icon ion-gear-a"></i>
    Settings
  </a>
</div>

Striped Style Tabs

Add tabs-striped to an element above the tabs classname for Android style tabs.

Optionally, also add tabs-top to position the tab at the top

Get granular color control for striped tabs with the tabs-background-{color} and tabs-color-{color} classes, where {color} is any of the ionic color swatches: default, light, stable, positive, calm, balanced, energized, assertive, royal, or dark

Note, that to have the header blend with the top tabs, add the has-tabs-top class to the header.

  <div class="tabs-striped tabs-top tabs-background-positive tabs-color-light">
    <div class="tabs">
      <a class="tab-item active" href="#">
        <i class="icon ion-home"></i>
        Test
      </a>
      <a class="tab-item" href="#">
        <i class="icon ion-star"></i>
        Favorites
      </a>
      <a class="tab-item" href="#">
        <i class="icon ion-gear-a"></i>
        Settings
      </a>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="tabs-striped tabs-color-assertive">
    <div class="tabs">
      <a class="tab-item active" href="#">
        <i class="icon ion-home"></i>
        Test
      </a>
      <a class="tab-item" href="#">
        <i class="icon ion-star"></i>
        Favorites
      </a>
      <a class="tab-item" href="#">
        <i class="icon ion-gear-a"></i>
        Settings
      </a>
    </div>
  </div>
  

Grid

Ionic's grid system is different than most because of its use of the CSS Flexible Box Layout Module standard. The advantage here is that the devices that Ionic supports, all support flexbox.

Simply add columns you want in a row, and they'll evenly take up the available space. If you want three columns, add three columns, if you want five columns, add five columns. There's no restriction to a 12 column grid, or having to explicitly state how large each column should be. And to add to the crazy, you can vertically align content within each column.

The row classname is used to designate, surprise, a row, and col is used for a column. In the demo to the right we chose to have four, then two, columns, but we could have just as easily used 3, 6, 7, 23, etc., it doesn't matter. Point is, add the number of columns your layout requires and don't worry about figuring out the percentages because it figures it out automatically.

Note: The borders and gray background in the demo were added so it's easier to see the structure.

Grid: Evenly Spaced Columns

By default every col added inside a row will automatically receive an equal amount of the available area. Notice in the code below that no sizes are specified anywhere in the classnames, yet each of the five columns in this example will each evenly take up 20% of the available width (thank you flexbox).

<div class="row">
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
</div>

Note: The borders and gray background in the demo were added so it's easier to see the structure.

Grid: Explicit Column Sizes

You can explicitly state the size of a column if for example you'd want specific columns to be larger than the others in the same row. By default each column will evenly take up the available area, but in the case where a column should be a certain size, Ionic's grid uses a percent system (in contrast to a locked in 12 column grid).

An advantage with this grid system is that you only have to state the percentage for the column that needs it, and the others will still evenly divide up the available areas.

<div class="row">
  <div class="col col-50">.col.col-50</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col col-75">.col.col-75</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col col-75">.col.col-75</div>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
</div>

Note: The borders and gray background in the demo were added so it's easier to see the structure.

Grid: Offset Columns

Columns can also be offset from the left. We'll let the code and demo speak for itself.

<div class="row">
  <div class="col col-33 col-offset-33">.col</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col col-33">.col</div>
  <div class="col col-33 col-offset-33">.col</div>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col col-33 col-offset-67">.col</div>
</div>

Note: The borders and gray background in the demo were added so it's easier to see the structure.

Grid: Vertically Align Columns

Another trick up flexbox's sleeve is the ability to easily vertically align columns. Vertical alignment includes top, center and bottom, and can be applied to every column in a row, or to specific columns.

In the demo, we've made the last column in each row to have the tallest content in order to demonstrate how the content of the others vertically align. The first row shows the default which is to take the same height as the tallest column in the same row.

<div class="row">
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">1<br>2<br>3<br>4</div>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col col-top">.col</div>
  <div class="col col-center">.col</div>
  <div class="col col-bottom">.col</div>
  <div class="col">1<br>2<br>3<br>4</div>
</div>

<div class="row row-top">
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">1<br>2<br>3<br>4</div>
</div>

<div class="row row-center">
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">1<br>2<br>3<br>4</div>
</div>

<div class="row row-bottom">
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">1<br>2<br>3<br>4</div>
</div>

Note: The borders and gray background in the demo were added so it's easier to see the structure.

Responsive Grid

There may be cases where a row of columns will not fit nicely in the available area. The responsive classes can be used to turn each column in a row into its own row at certain breakpoints.

For example, if you want a row of columns to turn in to stacked rows when the viewport is pretty small, you would use the .responsive-sm class. The example to the right is a simulation of what it'd look like.

<div class="row responsive-sm">
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
  <div class="col">.col</div>
</div>

Note: The borders and gray background in the demo were added so it's easier to see the structure.

For further configuration, each class uses a Sass variable that can be changed to your liking. There's also a responsive-grid-break mixin you can use to create your own classes.

Utility

Ionic comes with a handful of utility classes to help quickly style your design. Each are optional.

Colors

Ionic comes with a set of colors to start with, but as a general rule colors are meant to be overridden. We prefer saying that Ionic provides a recommended naming convention for your colors, swatches, themes, etc.

Utility colors are added to help set a naming convention. You'll notice Ionic purposely does not use words like "red" or "blue", but instead have colors which represent an emotion or generic theme.

Let's be realistic, assigning colors is one of the easier tasks in CSS, and each app will have different requirements for colors. Ionic's goal is to provide a clean system to build on top of and maintain, and stays away from dictating how each app chooses to color its custom design.

To customize the colors you can simply override those coming from the ionic.css CSS file. Additionally, since Ionic is built using Sass, for more power and flexibility you could also modify and extend the color variables within the _variables.scss file.

* For more flexibility, you can Customize Ionic With Sass

Icons

Ionic also comes with its own free and open-sourced icon font, Ionicons, with over 500 icons to choose from.

Simply add icon and the Ionicon classname for the icon to show, which can be easily looked up on the Ionicons homepage.

<i class="icon ion-star"></i>

While it's possible for buttons to use a child <i> to set the icon, they can also set their icon just by setting the buttons own class. Please take a look at button icon docs for more info.

Note: Ionic is certainly not restricted to using only the Ionicons icon pack, so please feel free to use any icons you wish.

Padding

Many components in Ionic purposely have both padding and margin reset set to zero. In many instances apps will have components bleed to the edge of the screen, and by starting each component at zero developers can easily control padding and margins throughout the app.

The padding utility classes can be reused to give any element's content some breathing room, meaning it adds a default 10px between the outer box of the element and its inner content. The following classes are not required for any element, but may be helpful with your layout.

• padding Adds padding around every side.
• padding-vertical Adds padding to the top and bottom.
• padding-horizontal Adds padding to the left and right.
• padding-top Adds padding to the top.
• padding-right Adds padding to the right.
• padding-bottom Adds padding to the bottom.
• padding-left Adds padding to the left.